OPTIMALISASI INSTRUMEN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI PENGADILAN AGAMA: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ACARA PERADILAN AGAMA

Abstrak

This study aims to analyze the regulation and implementation of electronic mediation as a dispute resolution instrument within the procedural law of Religious Courts in Indonesia and to examine efforts to optimize its implementation in improving the effectiveness of dispute resolution and realizing the principles of simple, speedy, and low-cost justice. This research employs a library research method with a normative juridical approach. The research data were obtained through a literature review of primary legal materials, particularly Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts and PERMA Number 3 of 2022 concerning Electronic Mediation in Courts, as well as secondary legal materials consisting of books, scientific journals, and previous studies. The data were analyzed using qualitative-descriptive and prescriptive analysis by identifying legal provisions, implementation practices, supporting and inhibiting factors, and strategies for optimizing electronic mediation. The results indicate that electronic mediation has a clear legal basis and has been implemented within Religious Courts to overcome geographical barriers and certain circumstances that prevent the parties from attending mediation directly. Its optimization requires improved mediator competence, strengthened technological infrastructure, clear standard operating procedures, guarantees of security and confidentiality, and increased understanding and readiness among the parties. Electronic mediation has significant potential to support more effective dispute resolution while strengthening the implementation of the principles of simple, speedy, and low-cost justice when it is implemented through an integrated approach involving legal regulations, human resources, technology, and accessibility for justice seekers.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan dan implementasi mediasi elektronik sebagai instrumen penyelesaian sengketa dalam hukum acara Peradilan Agama di Indonesia serta mengkaji upaya optimalisasinya dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa dan mewujudkan asas peradilan yang sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, khususnya PERMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan dan PERMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Mediasi di Pengadilan secara Elektronik, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif-deskriptif dan preskriptif dengan mengidentifikasi ketentuan hukum, praktik implementasi, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta strategi optimalisasi mediasi elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mediasi elektronik telah memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas dan telah diterapkan dalam lingkungan Peradilan Agama untuk mengatasi hambatan jarak maupun kondisi tertentu yang menghambat kehadiran para pihak secara langsung. Optimalisasi pelaksanaannya memerlukan peningkatan kompetensi mediator, penguatan sarana dan prasarana teknologi, standar operasional yang jelas, jaminan keamanan dan kerahasiaan, serta peningkatan pemahaman dan kesiapan para pihak. Mediasi elektronik memiliki potensi untuk mendukung penyelesaian sengketa yang lebih efektif sekaligus memperkuat penerapan asas peradilan sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan apabila dilaksanakan secara terintegrasi antara aspek hukum, sumber daya manusia, teknologi, dan aksesibilitas pencari keadilan.