STRATEGI PEMBENTUKAN KELEMBAGAAN EKONOMI PETANI DI KECAMATAN ANGKOLA BARAT KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN

Abstrak

Zainal Abidin. Nirm. 01.01.21.268. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi Kelembagaan Ekonomi Petani (KEP) di Kecamatan Angkola Barat, Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, serta merumuskan strategi penguatan kelembagaan untuk meningkatkan daya saing petani. Berdasarkan data Dinas Perdagangan dan Koperasi UKM (2023), terdapat 1 unit KUD dan 14 unit koperasi non-KUD, namun kelembagaan petani masih lemah, ditandai dengan kurangnya struktur organisasi, manajemen usaha, dan akses pasar. Permasalahan diperparah dengan luasnya lahan tanaman salak yang hasil panennya sering tidak tersalurkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed methods) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis SWOT mengidentifikasi kekuatan berupa komoditas unggulan lokal dan motivasi petani milenial; kelemahan berupa rendahnya manajemen kelembagaan; peluang berupa dukungan program KUR dan kemitraan; serta ancaman berupa fluktuasi harga salak dan menurunnya minat konsumen. Strategi yang dihasilkan mencakup pendampingan pemerintah, pelatihan olahan salak, penguatan gapoktan, diversifikasi produk, dan pengembangan pemasaran digital. Tingkat partisipasi petani dalam pembentukan KEP menunjukkan kehadiran tinggi (71,4%), keaktifan memberikan masukan (57,1%), keterlibatan dalam perencanaan (57,1%), dan persetujuan rencana (100%). Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya pembinaan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian, akses pasar, dan kesejahteraan petani.

Zainal Abidin. Nirm. 01.01.21.268. This study aims to analyze the condition of Farmer Economic Institutions (KEP) in Angkola Barat District, South Tapanuli Regency, and to formulate strategies for strengthening these institutions to enhance farmers' competitiveness. Based on data from the Department of Trade and Cooperatives for SMEs (2023), there is 1 Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) and 14 non-KUD cooperatives; however, farmer institutions remain weak, characterized by poor organizational structure, inadequate business management, and limited market access. The problem is exacerbated by extensive salak plantation areas, the yields of which are often not well distributed. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative descriptive and quantitative methods. SWOT analysis identified strengths such as local superior commodities and motivated millennial farmers; weaknesses in institutional management; opportunities including KUR program support and partnerships; and threats such as salak price fluctuations and declining consumer interest. The strategies developed include government facilitation, salak processing training, strengthening farmer groups (gapoktan), product diversification, and digital marketing development. Farmers' participation in forming KEP showed high attendance (71.4%), active input provision (57.1%), involvement in planning (57.1%), and full approval of plans (100%). These findings emphasize the importance of continuous capacity building to improve farmers' independence, market access, and welfare.