“EFEKTIVITAS MODEL SURVEILANS KOMUNITAS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DETEKSI DINI PENYAKIT INFEKSI PASCABENCANA HIDROMETEOROLOGI”

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Bencana hidrometeorologi dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit infeksi akibat gangguan sanitasi, keterbatasan air bersih, kepadatan pengungsian, serta terganggunya akses pelayanan kesehatan. Kemampuan masyarakat dalam mengenali tanda dan gejala penyakit secara dini diperlukan untuk mempercepat pelaporan dan respons kesehatan pascabencana. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan kemampuan deteksi dini penyakit infeksi pascabencana setelah penerapan model surveilans komunitas. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain pre-experimental dengan pendekatan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 10 responden kelompok intervensi dan 10 responden kontrol. Intervensi berupa penerapan model surveilans komunitas yang mencakup edukasi penyakit infeksi pascabencana, pengenalan tanda dan gejala, identifikasi faktor risiko, simulasi deteksi dini, serta mekanisme pencatatan dan pelaporan. Kemampuan responden diukur menggunakan Instrumen Kemampuan Deteksi Dini Penyakit Infeksi Pascabencana (KDD-PB) sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan skor pretest dan posttest serta persentase peningkatan. Hasil: Rata-rata skor kemampuan responden meningkat dari 51,0 pada pretest menjadi 96,0 pada posttest, dengan selisih rata-rata 45,0 poin dan peningkatan relatif sebesar 88,2%. Seluruh responden menunjukkan peningkatan skor, dengan persentase peningkatan individual berkisar antara 80%. Peningkatan menunjukkan adanya perubahan kemampuan dalam mengenali tanda dan gejala penyakit infeksi, mengidentifikasi risiko pascabencana, serta menentukan tindakan awal dan pelaporan. Kesimpulan: Penerapan model surveilans komunitas menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan deteksi dini penyakit infeksi pascabencana pada kelompok intervensi. Model ini berpotensi menjadi pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam memperkuat kesiapsiagaan dan deteksi awal penyakit di wilayah rawan bencan

Abstract. Background: Hydrometeorological disasters may increase the risk of infectious diseases due to disrupted sanitation, limited access to clean water, overcrowded evacuation settings, and disruptions in healthcare services. The ability of communities to recognize signs and symptoms of disease at an early stage is essential to accelerate health reporting and response following disasters. Objective: This study aimed to analyze changes in the ability to conduct early detection of infectious diseases following the implementation of a community-based surveillance model. Methods: This study employed a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study participants consisted of 10 respondents in the intervention group. The intervention involved implementation of a community-based surveillance model comprising education on post-disaster infectious diseases, recognition of signs and symptoms, identification of risk factors, early detection simulations, and mechanisms for recording and reporting health events. Participants’ early detection abilities were measured using the Post-Disaster Infectious Disease Early Detection Ability Instrument (KDD-PB) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing pretest and posttest scores and calculating the percentage of improvement. Results: The mean ability score increased from 51.0 at pretest to 96.0 at posttest, representing a mean difference of 45.0 points and a relative improvement of 88.2%. All respondents demonstrated an increase in scores, with individual improvement percentages ranging from 80% to 100%. The improvement indicated enhanced abilities to recognize signs and symptoms of infectious diseases, identify post-disaster risk factors, and determine appropriate initial actions and reporting procedures. Conclusion: Implementation of the community-based surveillance model was associated with improved early detection abilities for post-disaster infectious diseases among the intervention group. This model has potential as a community empowerment approach to strengthen preparedness and early disease detection in disaster-prone areas.