EDUKASI PENERAPAN DIET DASH (DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION) PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KEDUNGMUNDU

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang banyak dialami lansia dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi serius apabila tidak terkontrol. Salah satu upaya pengendalian hipertensi secara nonfarmakologis adalah penerapan diet DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). Namun, rendahnya pengetahuan lansia tentang hipertensi dan pengaturan diet menyebabkan pengendalian tekanan darah belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, edukasi penerapan diet DASH diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia dalam mengelola hipertensi. Tujuan: Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi penerapan diet DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) pada lansia dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu Kota Semarang. Metode: Studi kasus ini merupakan studi kasus deskriptif pada lansia dengan hipertensi di RW 04 Kelurahan Kedungmundu Kota Semarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara semiterstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan proses asuhan keperawatan dengan intervensi edukasi penerapan diet DASH, serta dilaksanakan sesuai prinsip etika penelitian. Hasil: Hasil studi kasus asuhan keperawatan keluarga pada dua klien dengan hipertensi di RW 04 Kelurahan Kedungmundu Kota Semarang menunjukkan bahwa kedua klien berada pada tahap perkembangan keluarga usia lanjut (tahap VII) dengan riwayat hipertensi lama dan tekanan darah tidak terkontrol. Klien 1 memiliki tekanan darah 200/100 mmHg dan klien 2 sebesar 190/90 mmHg, disertai keluhan nyeri tengkuk, pusing, dan pola hidup tidak sehat seperti konsumsi makanan tinggi garam dan kurangnya kontrol kesehatan rutin. Simpulan: Asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan edukasi diet DASH pada lansia hipertensi efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku kesehatan klien serta keluarga. Intervensi mendorong perubahan perilaku adaptif, seperti pengurangan garam, rokok, kopi, peningkatan aktivitas fisik, dan rutin memeriksakan kesehatan. Hasil ini mendukung penerapan asuhan keluarga untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian hipertensi.

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease commonly experienced by the elderly and can lead to serious complications if uncontrolled. One non-pharmacological approach to managing hypertension is the implementation of the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). However, limited knowledge among the elderly regarding hypertension and dietary management results in suboptimal blood pressure control. Therefore, education on the implementation of the DASH diet is necessary to improve elderly knowledge in managing hypertension. Objective: This case study aims to examine the effect of education on the implementation of the DASH diet for elderly individuals with hypertension in the working area of Kedungmundu Health Center, Semarang City. Methods: This case study is a descriptive study of elderly individuals with hypertension in RW 04, Kedungmundu Village, Semarang City. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively based on the nursing care process with DASH diet education interventions and conducted in accordance with research ethics principles. Results: The case study of family nursing care for two clients with hypertension in RW 04, Kedungmundu Village, Semarang City, showed that both clients were in the elderly family development stage (stage VII) with a long history of hypertension and uncontrolled blood pressure. Client 1 had a blood pressure of 200/100 mmHg, and Client 2 had 190/90 mmHg, accompanied by complaints of neck pain, dizziness, and unhealthy lifestyle habits such as high salt intake and lack of regular health monitoring. Conclusion: Family nursing care with DASH diet education for elderly individuals with hypertension is effective in improving the knowledge and health behaviors of clients and their families. The intervention promotes adaptive behavioral changes, such as reducing salt, smoking, and coffee consumption, increasing physical activity, and regularly monitoring health. These results support the application of family nursing care for hypertension prevention and control.