STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI KINERJA PELABUHAN PERIKANAN BERBASIS KELAS: INTEGRASI MICOM–MGA, IPMA, DAN DEA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi optimalisasi kinerja pelabuhan perikanan yang membedakan fondasi nasional dan pengungkit spesifik kelas. Data survei mencakup 511 pemangku kepentingan pada lima kelompok pelabuhan: PP Untia (88), PPI Paotere (121), PPN Pekalongan (105), PPP Teluk Batang (97), dan PPS Nizam Zachman (100). Analisis mengintegrasikan PLS-SEM, measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM), multigroup analysis (MGA), importance–performance map analysis (IPMA), dan data envelopment analysis (DEA) eksploratori. Kolaborasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada semua kelas (β=0,503–0,641), sehingga menjadi fondasi lintas kelas. Pengungkit tambahan berbeda: regulasi pada PP dan PPN; operasional pada PPI; akses pasar pada PPN; serta infrastruktur pada PPP dan PPS. Setelah penyaringan MICOM, sembilan dari 12 perbedaan jalur MGA dapat ditafsirkan. IPMA menempatkan kolaborasi sebagai prioritas tertinggi (kepentingan=0,558; kinerja=67,07; skor prioritas=18,38). DEA berorientasi output menunjukkan frontier BCC pada PPI, PPP, dan PPS, tetapi hanya diperlakukan sebagai diagnostik konversi karena tersedia lima DMU. Hasil mendukung strategi dua lapis: standar kolaborasi nasional dan paket pengungkit berbasis kelas yang dipantau melalui indikator pemanfaatan, mutu layanan, akses pasar, regulasi, dan efisiensi relatif.

This study formulates a class-based fishing-port optimisation strategy that separates a national governance foundation from class-specific levers. Survey data cover 511 independently verified stakeholders from five Indonesian port groups. The analysis integrates PLS-SEM, measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM), multigroup analysis (MGA), importance–performance map analysis (IPMA), and exploratory data envelopment analysis (DEA). Collaboration was positive and significant in every group (β=0.503–0.641), making it the common foundation. Additional levers differed: regulation in the pioneer and nusantara groups; operations in the fish-landing base; market access in the nusantara group; and infrastructure in the coastal and ocean groups. After MICOM screening, nine of twelve significant MGA differences were interpretable. IPMA ranked collaboration as the dominant improvement priority (importance=0.558; performance=67.07; priority score=18.38). Output-oriented DEA placed the PPI, PPP, and PPS groups on the BCC frontier, but the five-unit design is treated only as a conversion diagnostic. The results support a two-layer strategy: a national collaboration standard combined with class-specific intervention bundles and outcome-oriented monitoring.