TINJAUAN FIQIH MUAMALAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK JUAL BELI ONLINE DI ERA DIGITAL

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam pola transaksi jual beli, termasuk munculnya praktik jual beli online yang kini semakin marak digunakan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji praktik jual beli online dalam perspektif fiqih muamalah, dengan menitikberatkan pada kesesuaian rukun dan syarat jual beli menurut hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui telaah literatur, kitab fiqih klasik, dan regulasi modern. Dalam hukum Islam, jual beli online hukumnya boleh dan akadnya sah dengan syarat barang yang dibeli halal dan jelas spesifikasinya, barang yang akan dibeli sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan, dan pembeli memiliki hak untuk membatalkan atau menerima jika barang tidak sesuai pesanan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli online pada dasarnya diperbolehkan dalam Islam selama memenuhi prinsip-prinsip akad, kejelasan objek transaksi (mabi'), kejelasan harga, serta adanya kerelaan antara penjual dan pembeli. Namun, beberapa tantangan seperti penipuan, ketidakjelasan barang (gharar), dan keterlambatan pengiriman menjadi perhatian utama dalam praktik ini. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan etika bisnis Islami serta regulasi yang mendukung transaksi daring agar tetap sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip fiqih muamalah.

The development of information technology has brought significant changes in the pattern of buying and selling transactions, including the emergence of online buying and selling practices that are now increasingly used by the public. This study aims to examine the practice of online buying and selling from the perspective of muamalah fiqh, with an emphasis on the suitability of the pillars and conditions of buying and selling according to Islamic law. The research method used is a qualitative study with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of literature, classical fiqh books, and modern regulations. In Islamic law, online buying and selling is permissible and its contract is valid on the condition that the goods purchased are halal and have clear specifications, the goods to be purchased are in accordance with the needs, and the buyer has the right to cancel or accept if the goods do not match the order. The results of the study indicate that online buying and selling practices are basically permitted in Islam as long as they meet the principles of the contract, clarity of the object of the transaction (mabi'), clarity of price, and the willingness of the seller and buyer. However, several challenges such as fraud, unclear goods (gharar), and late delivery are the main concerns in this practice. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen Islamic business ethics and regulations that support online transactions so that they remain in accordance with the principles of muamalah fiqh.