KONTROVERSI SHALAT ID DALAM MALL KAJIAN FIKIH IBADAH PERSPEKTIF MAZHAB SYAFII DAN HAMBALI PADA PRAKTIK MODERN

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas problematika pelaksanaan Shalat Id di era modern, khususnya ketika dilaksanakan di tempat non-konvensional seperti mall atau pusat perbelanjaan. Fenomena ini muncul akibat keterbatasan lahan di kawasan perkotaan yang semakin padat, sehingga menimbulkan perdebatan di kalangan ulama dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan metode kualitatif-deskriptif untuk menelaah pandangan Mazhab Syafi’i dan Mazhab Hanbali mengenai keabsahan dan kekhusyukan Shalat Id di mall. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Mazhab Syafi’i lebih menekankan prinsip normatif ḥifẓ al-dīn, sehingga pelaksanaan Shalat Id di mall dinilai kurang ideal meskipun tetap sah secara hukum, sedangkan Mazhab Hanbali lebih menekankan prinsip kemaslahatan (ḥifẓ al-nafs), sehingga memperbolehkan pelaksanaan shalat di ruang publik modern asalkan syarat-syarat sah terpenuhi. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya upaya rekonsiliasi antara nilai normatif dan kebutuhan praktis melalui penyediaan ruang ibadah yang representatif serta edukasi umat agar tetap menjaga kekhusyukan, sehingga pelaksanaan Shalat Id dapat berjalan sah, khusyuk, dan sesuai dengan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah.

This study examines the issue of Eid prayer (Shalat Id) in the modern era, particularly when performed in non-traditional spaces such as malls or shopping centers. This phenomenon arises due to the limited availability of worship spaces in densely populated urban areas, sparking debates among scholars and Muslim communities. The study employs a normative approach with a qualitative-descriptive method to analyze the perspectives of the Shafi’i and Hanbali schools regarding the validity and spiritual focus of performing Eid prayers in malls. The findings reveal that the Shafi’i school emphasizes the normative principle of ḥifẓ al-dīn, considering mall-based Eid prayers less ideal, although still legally valid, while the Hanbali school highlights the principle of ḥifẓ al-nafs, thus allowing prayers in modern public spaces as long as the essential requirements are fulfilled. This study underscores the need for reconciling normative values and practical needs by providing representative worship spaces and educating Muslims to preserve solemnity, ensuring that Eid prayers are conducted validly, devoutly, and in line with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah).