ANALISIS MEKANISME PENYELESAIAN KREDIT MACET OLEH DEBITUR MELALUI BANTUAN LEMBAGA BANTUAN HUKUM (LBH) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA (STUDI KASUS DI PT. BFI FINANCE INDONESIA TBK. KABUPATEN KARAWANG)

Abstrak

Lembaga Pembiayaan Kendaraan atau yang disebut dengan Leasing mempunyai peran strategis untuk mendukung perekonomian masyarakat kecil dan menengah. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya, Leasing kerap menghadapi persoalan kredit macet (Non- Performing Loan/NPL) yang dapat mengganggu kinerja keuangan dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap lembaga tersebut. Contoh yang terjadi di Leasing Kabupaten Karawang wilayah industri padat penduduk, kasus kredit macet pada Leasing BFI Karawang menjadi perhatian khusus, salah satu kredit macetnya yaitu pembiayaan mobil. Latar belakang di atas di temukan permasalahan yang menjadi bahan krusial peneliti diantaranya dua rumusan, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian kredit macet oleh debitur melalui bantuan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH) pada PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk? dan (2) Bagaimana tinjauan hukum perdata terhadap penyelesaian kredit macet oleh debitur melalui bantuan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH)?. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan legislatif, studi kasus, dan metodologi penelitian hukum normative serta empiris. Untuk memahami bagaimana hukum digunakan dalam menyelesaikan kredit bermasalah, data dikumpulkan melalui tinjauan pustaka undang- undang dan peraturan, literatur ilmiah, dan dokumen terkait. Data kemudian dievaluasi secara deskriptif dan analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kredit macet di BFI disebabkan oleh kombinasi faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi lemahnya sistem pengawasan dan kurangnya analisis kelayakan kredit. Faktor eksternal mencakup kondisi ekonomi yang tidak stabil, penurunan pendapatan debitur, dan kebutuhan sosial mendesak. Penyelesaian dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan, yaitu restrukturisasi kredit dan penyelesaian hukum berupa eksekusi jaminan atau gugatan ke pengadilan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan manajemen risiko dan peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia di lingkungan Leasing.

This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of Green Open Space management in Karawang Vehicle Financing Institutions or what is known as Leasing have a strategic role to support the economy of small and medium communities. However, in its implementation, Leasing often faces the problem of bad loans (Non-Performing Loans/NPLs) which can disrupt financial performance and public trust in the institution. An example that occurred in Karawang Regency Leasing, a densely populated industrial area, the case of bad loans at BFI Karawang Leasing is a special concern, one of the bad loans is car financing. The background above found problems that became crucial material for researchers including two formulations, namely: (1) What is the mechanism for resolving bad loans by debtors through the assistance of the Legal Aid Institute (LBH) at PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk? and (2) How is the civil law review of the settlement of bad loans by debtors through the assistance of the Legal Aid Institute (LBH)? This study uses a legislative approach, case studies, and normative and empirical legal research methodologies. To understand how the law is used in resolving bad loans, data was collected through a literature review of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and related documents. The data was then evaluated descriptively and analytically. The results of the study indicate that bad loans at BFI are caused by a combination of internal and external factors. Internal factors include weak supervisory systems and a lack of creditworthiness analysis. External factors include economic instability, declining debtor income, and pressing social needs. Resolution is achieved through two approaches: credit restructuring and legal resolution through collateral enforcement or court action. This research underscores the importance of strengthening risk management and enhancing human resource capacity in the leasing environment.