REVIEW: ALIRAN NEWTON DALAM SEDIAAN FARMASI REVIEW: NEWTONIAN FLOW IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

Abstrak

Aliran Newton merupakan karakteristik rheologi dasar yang penting dalam pengembangan sediaan farmasi cair karena menunjukkan hubungan linear antara shear stress dan shear rate dengan viskositas yang konstan. Review ini bertujuan menganalisis 40 penelitian formulasi sediaan cair yang meliputi sirup herbal, repelan spray, foot spray, toner, nanoemulsi, mouthwash, sediaan injeksi, serta hair tonic, sebagaimana tercantum dalam dokumen utama. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative review dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif, yaitu mengidentifikasi pola aliran, rentang viskositas, instrumen viskometri, dan kesesuaian hasil antarpenelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sediaan memiliki aliran Newtonian dengan rentang viskositas 0,76–2306 cPs, diukur menggunakan berbagai instrumen seperti Ostwald, Brookfield, Stormer, dan Rion. Faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap aliran Newtonian meliputi tingginya kandungan air, homogenitas formulasi bahwa sediaan cair berbasis air umumnya bersifat Newtonian kecuali jika ditambahkan polimer viskoelastik. Secara keseluruhan, review ini menegaskan bahwa aliran Newtonian merupakan profil aliran yang paling ideal dan stabil untuk sediaan farmasi cair.

Newton's flow is a basic rheological characteristic that is important in the development of liquid pharmaceutical preparations because it shows a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate with constant viscosity. This review aims to analyze 40 liquid preparation formulation studies including herbal syrup, repelant spray, foot spray, toner, nanoemulsion, mouthwash, injection preparation, and hair tonic, as stated in the main document. The method used is a narrative review with a descriptive analysis approach, which is identifying flow patterns, viscosity ranges, viscometric instruments, and the suitability of inter-research results. The results of the study showed that all preparations had a Newtonian flow with a viscosity range of 0.76–2306 cPs, measured using various instruments such as Ostwald, Brookfield, Stormer, and Rion. Factors that contribute to the Newtonian flow include high water content, the homogeneity of the formulation that water-based liquid preparations are generally Newtonian unless a viscoelastic polymer is added. Overall, this review confirms that the Newtonian flow is the most ideal and stable flow profile for liquid pharmaceutical preparations.