''DAMPAK DEFORESTASI HUTAN PENDOWO TERHADAP BIODIVERSITAS MAKROFAUNA TANAH''

Abstrak

Deforestasi, atau penggundulan hutan secara besar-besaran, telah menjadi isu lingkungan yang mendesak di seluruh dunia. Aktivitas manusia seperti penebangan pohon, perluasan pertanian, dan industri kayu telah mengakibatkan hilangnya luas hutan yang berharga. Dengan menggunakan makrofauna tanah yang dijadikan bioindikator kesuburan tanah harus memiliki jumlah yang cukup melimpah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui ragam jenis makrofauna tanah di kawasan hutan Pendowo, untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas makrofauna tanah berdasarkan struktur komunitas makrofauna tanah di hutan Pendowo. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive, di tiga lokasi yang berbeda berdasarkan jenis vegetasi yang ada di lokasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diidentifikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan jenis, dan dominasi Simpson. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan jenis P. Hector yang mendominasi. Lokasi area terbuka dengan nilai H’ paling rendah (H’ 0,810), area sono keling menunjukkan kategori rendah dengan nilai (H’ 1,454) dan H’ area kayu putih menunjukkan kategori rendah dengan nilai (H’ 1,649). Indeks kemerataan area terbuka (E 0,417), area sono keling (E 0,747), area kayu putih (E 0,920) menunjukkan pola sebaran yang tidak merata di area terbuka masuk kategori sedang, sedangkan area sono keling dan area kayu putih merata dan relatif stabil di kedua lokasi. Indeks dominasi area terbuka (C 0,656), area sono keling (C 0,314), area kayu putih (C 0.214) menunjukkan tingkat dominasi tinggi di area terbuka, dan tingkat dominasi rendah di area sono keling dan area kayu putih.

Deforestation, or large-scale deforestation, has become a pressing environmental issue throughout the world. Human activities such as logging, agricultural expansion, and the timber industry have resulted in the loss of valuable forest areas. By using soil macrofauna which is used as a bioindicator of soil fertility, it must be abundant enough. The aim of this research is to determine the various types of soil macrofauna in the Pendowo forest area, to determine the structure of the soil macrofauna community based on the structure of the soil macrofauna community in the Pendowo forest. This research method is quantitative descriptive with purposive sampling, in three different locations based on the type of vegetation at the location. The data obtained were then identified and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species evenness index, and Simpson dominance. The identification results found that the P. Hector type dominated. The location of the open area with the lowest H' value (H' 0.810), is influenced by human activities nearby, the Sono keling area shows moderate diversity with a value of (H' 1.454) and the H' eucalyptus area with a value of (H' 1.649). The evenness index of the open area (E 0.417), sono keling area (E 0.747), eucalyptus area (E 0.920) shows an uneven distribution pattern in the open area which is in the medium category, while the sono keling area and eucalyptus area are evenly distributed and relatively stable in both locations. The dominance index for the open area (C 0.656), sono keling area (C 0.314), eucalyptus area (C 0.214) shows a high level of dominance in the open area, and a low level of dominance in the sono keling area and eucalyptus area.